This can be visualized in the following resonance structure:
The appropriate hydrogen-bond acceptor atom between N and O is identified from the resonance structure of formamide. As a result, this hydrogen is more strongly attracted to the electron pair of the acceptor. Since the more electronegative atom, N, of the amine group withdraws electrons from the hydrogen to which it is bonded, it develops a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom.
Unlike traditional ways of explaining acid-base disorders, this graphic seesaw method is a simple and easy way to achieve understanding.As you determined in Part B, N is the hydrogen-bond donor while N and O are hydrogen-bond acceptors. The functioning organ can “level the seesaw” by compensating for the dysfunction of the opposite organ to regain homeostasis.
When the dysfunction of either the kidneys or lungs causes the seesaw to tip, homeostasis pH is disrupted, causing an acid-base disorder classified as metabolic or respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. Students developed a working knowledge of how the bicarbonate blood buffer system maintains a physiological pH of 7.4 using a “seesaw” with metabolic on one side, and respiratory PCO 2 on the other at a ratio of 20:1 in the H-H equation. We then used real-world clinical case studies for students to identify acid-base disorders and the appropriate compensatory responses of the lungs and kidneys. We utilized a graphic seesaw model of carbonic acid-bicarbonate equilibrium using the Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) equation of a weak acid. Understanding acid-base disorders using weak-acid concepts learned in general chemistry class is challenging for pre-nursing and pre-professional biology students enrolled in anatomy/physiology and biochemistry classes.
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